设备简介Equipment Introduction

 闪蒸干燥机是发展快、应用广泛的干燥机型，在国内也称旋流干燥机或旋转快速干燥机。闪蒸干燥机有机地结合了流化、旋流、喷动、粉碎、分级技术、是流化技术、旋流技术、喷动技术及对流传热技术的优化组合，设备的技术含量高，适用于膏糊状、颗粒状、滤饼状及泥浆状物料的干燥。闪蒸干燥机具有热效率高、干燥时间短、节能效果好等优点。对膏糊状物料可直接干燥制成粉状干燥产品，节省了干燥前预处理，干燥后粉碎、筛分等工序。由于干燥速度快，物料受热时间短，不易破坏干燥物料的组分，特别有利于对热敏性物料的干燥。干燥过程全封闭，无杂质混入，成品质量高，操作环境好。目前，闪蒸干燥机已根据不同的物料设计出了多种机型，并形成了系列产品，在化工、制药、轻工、食品、矿业等行业的应用越来越广泛。

Flash dryer is a rapidly developing and widely used drying machine, also known as cyclone dryer or rotary rapid dryer in China. The flash dryer organically combines fluidization, swirling flow, jetting, crushing, and classification technologies, and is an optimized combination of fluidization technology, swirling flow technology, jetting technology, and convective heat transfer technology. The equipment has high technical content and is suitable for drying paste, granular, filter cake, and mud like materials. Flash dryer has advantages such as high thermal efficiency, short drying time, and good energy-saving effect. The paste like materials can be directly dried to produce powdered dry products, saving pre-treatment before drying, crushing, screening and other processes after drying. Due to the fast drying speed and short heating time of the materials, it is not easy to damage the components of the dried materials, which is particularly beneficial for drying thermosensitive materials. The drying process is fully enclosed, with no impurities mixed in, resulting in high product quality and a good operating environment. At present, flash drying machines have been designed with various models based on different materials and have formed a series of products, which are increasingly widely used in industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, light industry, food, and mining.

工作原理operational principle

  经换热器加热后的洁净空气被鼓入进风口，以适宜的速度旋入干燥室底部的环隙，然后按切线方向进入干燥室，并呈螺旋状上升：同时，物料则由可无级调速的加料器定量加入塔内。在干燥塔内，物料与热空气进行充分、高效的质热变换，被干燥的粉状物料随同热风一起输送至分离器，其中成品收集包装，而尾气则进一步经除尘装置处理后排空。

After being heated by the heat exchanger, clean air is blown into the air inlet and rotated at an appropriate speed into the annular gap at the bottom of the drying room. Then, it enters the drying room in a tangential direction and rises in a spiral shape. At the same time, the material is quantitatively added to the tower by a continuously adjustable feeder. In the drying tower, the material undergoes sufficient and efficient mass heat transformation with hot air. The dried powdered material is transported to the separator along with the hot air, where the finished product is collected and packaged, and the exhaust gas is further treated by the dust removal device before being discharged. 
 在干燥塔底部装有蜗壳式空气分配器和搅拌器，搅拌器的转速通过调节外部电机的转速进行无级调速。搅拌器有两个作用：它可以带动从分配室进入干燥室的热空气产生高速旋转的气流，进而形成稳定的流化床层，避免了由于局部粘堵而产生的喷动窜涌等不稳定流态化;其次，由于搅拌器上的多组刀片高速旋转，对大块物料不断粉碎，使外干内湿的颗粒不断包裹、剥离、搓碎，表面不断更新，增大了换热面积，从而强化了质、热交换,提高了干燥速率。另外，搅拌器上的刀片与干燥塔器壁间隙极小，及时清理掉粘结在壁上的物料，以防止物料长期停留而变性。为确保物料不变性分解，塔壁内设有冷却夹套，对于热敏性物科可百分之百保证质量。蜗壳式的空气分布器，使切向进入的热空气均匀的通过底部环隙呈螺旋形上升，合理的环隙风速保证了物料良好的流化干燥。

At the bottom of the drying tower, a volute type air distributor and agitator are installed, and the speed of the agitator is continuously adjusted by adjusting the speed of the external motor. The agitator has two functions: it can drive the hot air entering the drying room from the distribution room to generate a high-speed rotating airflow, thereby forming a stable fluidized bed layer, avoiding unstable fluidization such as jetting and surging caused by local blockage; Secondly, due to the high-speed rotation of multiple sets of blades on the agitator, large pieces of material are continuously crushed, causing particles that are dry on the outside and wet on the inside to constantly wrap, peel off, and crush. The surface is constantly updated, increasing the heat exchange area, thereby strengthening mass and heat exchange and improving the drying rate. In addition, the gap between the blades on the mixer and the wall of the drying tower is extremely small. It is necessary to promptly clean the materials that are stuck to the wall to prevent the materials from staying and denaturing for a long time. To ensure the invariance and decomposition of materials, a cooling jacket is installed inside the tower wall, which can guarantee 100% quality for thermosensitive materials. The snail shaped air distributor ensures that the tangential hot air uniformly rises in a spiral shape through the bottom annular gap, and the reasonable annular gap wind speed ensures good fluidization and drying of the material.
 在干燥塔中部，无级调速的定量加料器不断把物料加入。同时，物料被底部的搅拌器粉碎后又被高速旋转的热风吹起，在干燥室形成了一种相对稳定的流化层。物料与热空气之间进行着迅速而充分的热量和水份交换，大部分的水份蒸发在这一过程中完成。含水率高，比表面小的物料粒子由于其重力大于浮力，在干燥室中沉降，在下沉过程中不断干燥，运动到底部时经刀片的破碎和高速气流的冲击，得到进一步粉碎和干燥，此时其重力小于浮力，粒子开始上升运动。 

In the middle of the drying tower, the continuously variable speed quantitative feeder continuously adds materials. At the same time, the material is crushed by the mixer at the bottom and then blown up by high-speed rotating hot air, forming a relatively stable fluidized layer in the drying chamber. There is a rapid and sufficient exchange of heat and water between materials and hot air, and most of the water evaporation is completed during this process. Material particles with high moisture content and smaller surface area settle in the drying chamber due to their gravity being greater than buoyancy. During the sinking process, they continuously dry and move to the bottom, where they are further crushed and dried by the impact of the blade and high-speed airflow. At this point, their gravity is less than buoyancy, and the particles begin to rise.
 在干燥室上部，设有环状的挡板，即分级器。物料随旋转气流夹带上升，由于受离心力作用，大块的，未达到水份要求的(即比重较大)物料受离心力作用，其旋转半径增大，当其旋转半径大于分级器的半径时，被挡在干燥室内进一步干燥粉碎，直至满足要求方才溢出。较细的粉碎体在干燥室中部干燥后随气流夹带上升，由于其粒径较小且达到水份要求(即比重较小)，离心力相对较小，其旋转半径小于分级器半径，然后就随气流排出，送至收集装置

In the upper part of the drying room, there is a circular baffle, namely a classifier. The material rises with the entrainment of the rotating airflow. Due to the centrifugal force, large blocks of material that do not meet the water content requirements (i.e. have a higher specific gravity) are subjected to centrifugal force, and their rotation radius increases. When their rotation radius is greater than the radius of the classifier, they are blocked in the drying chamber for further drying and crushing until they meet the requirements before overflowing. After drying in the middle of the drying room, the finer crushing material rises with the airflow. Due to its smaller particle size and meeting the water content requirements (i.e., smaller specific gravity), the centrifugal force is relatively small, and its rotation radius is smaller than the classifier radius. It is then discharged with the airflow and sent to the collection device

设备结构Equipment structure

1、干燥室底部设置内锥体结构，使干燥器气体流通截面积自下而上不断交大，底部气速相对较大，上部气 >速相对较小，从而保证了下部的大颗粒处于流化状态的同时，上部的小颗粒也处于流化状态。内锥体结构还缩短了搅拌轴悬臂部分的长度，从而增加了运转的可靠性。另外，这一结构可以有效防止轴承在高温区工作的恶劣状态，从而延长了轴承的使用寿命。 
2、搅拌齿上设置刮板。物料在被搅抖齿旋转粉碎的同时，又被抛向器壁，粘在壁面上，如果不及时将粘在 器壁上的物料刮下，则会出现严重“结疤“现象，导致不能正常操作。搅拌齿上安装刮板，可以保证在物料与器壁粘结牢固前，将其剥落。 
3、干燥室顶部设置分级环。其作用主要是将颗粒较大、还没有干燥的物料分离挡下，继续进行干燥，从而 保证满足产品粒度分布窄、湿含量均匀一致的要求。 
4、锥底热风入口处设置冷却夹套。热风开始与物料接触处，温度很高，一般接近热空气的温度，远远高于 床层中的温度，操作中难免出现少部分物料在环隙附近粘结，停留时间过长，从而导致物料变质，甚至产生熔化，为避免这一现象， 增设局部夹套，可以降低该处器壁的温度，使操作得以顺利进行。
由于闪蒸干燥机以上结构特点，使其性能较其它干燥机存在以下优点：
1、干燥强度高。由于物科受离心、剪切、碰撞、磨擦而被微粒化，呈高分散状态，气固两相间的相对速度较大，强化了传质、传热。 
2、适宜于热敏性物料。干燥机底部高温区气速高、物料很难与热表面直接接触；另外附有冷却夹套、搅拌 齿配有利板这一切解决了物料粘壁、焦化之忱。 
3、工艺简化。与运用其它类型的干燥机相比，用闪蒸干燥机干燥膏糊状、泥浆状、滤饼等物料可以一次干 燥成均匀的粉状产品，省去了粉碎、筛分等工序。 
4、有效控制终水份和细度。进料及热风温度的调节及分级器的协调统一，对终水份和成品粒度能够充分控 制，从而保证了产品的湿含量及细度均匀。

1. An inner cone structure is installed at the bottom of the drying chamber to continuously increase the cross-sectional area of gas flow in the dryer from bottom to top. The gas velocity at the bottom is relatively high, while the gas velocity at the top is relatively small, ensuring that the large particles at the bottom are in a fluidized state while the small particles at the top are also in a fluidized state. The inner cone structure also shortens the length of the cantilever part of the mixing shaft, thereby increasing the reliability of operation. In addition, this structure can effectively prevent the bearing from working in harsh conditions in high-temperature areas, thereby extending the service life of the bearing.

2. Set a scraper on the mixing teeth. When the material is rotated and crushed by the stirring teeth, it is also thrown towards the wall and stuck to the wall surface. If the material stuck to the wall is not scraped off in time, serious scarring will occur, leading to abnormal operation. Installing a scraper on the stirring teeth can ensure that the material is peeled off before it is firmly bonded to the wall

3. A grading ring is installed at the top of the drying room. Its main function is to separate and block materials with larger particles that have not yet dried, and continue drying to ensure that the product meets the requirements of narrow particle size distribution and uniform moisture content.

4. Install a cooling jacket at the inlet of the hot air at the bottom of the cone. At the point where the hot air comes into contact with the material, the temperature is very high, generally close to the temperature of the hot air, much higher than the temperature in the bed layer. During operation, it is inevitable that a small amount of material will bond near the annular gap, stay for too long, and cause the material to deteriorate or even melt. To avoid this phenomenon, a local jacket is added to reduce the temperature of the wall at this location, allowing the operation to proceed smoothly.

Due to the structural characteristics mentioned above, the flash dryer has the following advantages in performance compared to other dryers:

1. High drying intensity. Due to the effects of centrifugation, shear, collision, and friction, the material science is micronized and presented in a highly dispersed state. The relative velocity between the gas and solid phases is relatively high, which enhances mass and heat transfer.

2. Suitable for heat sensitive materials. The high temperature zone at the bottom of the dryer has high gas velocity, making it difficult for materials to directly contact the hot surface; In addition, it is equipped with a cooling jacket, mixing teeth, and a favorable plate, which solves the problem of material adhesion and coking.

3. Process simplification. Compared with other types of dryers, using a flash dryer to dry paste, mud, filter cake, and other materials can be dried into uniform powder products in one go, eliminating the need for crushing, screening, and other processes.

4. Effectively control final moisture and fineness. The adjustment of feed and hot air temperature, as well as the coordination and unity of the classifier, can fully control the final moisture content and finished product particle size, thereby ensuring the uniform moisture content and fineness of the product.

结构示意图Structure diagram

设备特点Equipment characteristics

l 旋流、流化、喷动及粉碎分级技术的有机结合。

l 设备紧凑，体积小，生产效率高，连续生产，实现了"小设备，大生产"。

l 干燥强度大，能耗低，热效率高。

l 物料停留时间短，成品质量好，可用于热敏性物料干燥。

l 负压或微负压操作，密闭性好，效率高，消除环境污染。

l The organic combination of swirl, fluidization, jetting, and crushing classification technologies.

l Compact equipment, small size, high production efficiency, continuous production, achieving "small equipment, large production".

l High drying intensity, low energy consumption, and high thermal efficiency.

l The material has a short residence time, good product quality, and can be used for drying thermosensitive materials.

l Negative pressure or micro negative pressure operation, good sealing, high efficiency, and elimination of environmental pollution.

技术参数表Technical parameter table

应用范围Application scope

无机物：硼砂、碳酸钙、氢氧化物、硫酸铜、氧化铁、碳酸钡、硫酸镁、三氧化锑、各种重金属盐、合成冰晶石，碳酸镁、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、白炭黑等
有机物：阿特拉津（农药杀虫剂）、月桂酸隔、苯甲酸、安息香酸、杀菌丹、草酸钠、醋酸纤维素等；
陶瓷：高岭土、三氧化硅、粘土等；
染料类：蒽醌、黑色氧化铁、靛蓝颜料、丁酸、氢氧化钛、硫化锌、各种偶氮染料中间体。
食品类：大豆蛋白求恩、胶疑淀粉、酒糟、小麦糖、小麦淀粉等。
农药、工业废料等等…

Inorganic substances: borax, calcium carbonate, hydroxide, copper sulfate, iron oxide, barium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, antimony trioxide, various heavy metal salts, synthetic cryolite, magnesium carbonate, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, white carbon black, etc

Organic compounds: atrazine (pesticide insecticide), lauric acid, benzoic acid, benzoic acid, fungicide, sodium oxalate, cellulose acetate, etc;

Ceramics: kaolin, silica, clay, etc;

Dyes: anthraquinone, black iron oxide, indigo pigment, butyric acid, titanium hydroxide, zinc sulfide, various intermediate azo dyes.

Food category: Soy protein, gelatinous starch, distiller's grains, wheat sugar, wheat starch, etc.

Pesticides, industrial waste, and so on

应用实例Application instance